Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a stimulator of particulate guanylate cyclase, has been found to protect against reoxygenation-induced hypercontracture in isolated cardiomyocytes by increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate synthesis; ANP also contributes to stimulation of lipolysis during repeated bouts of exercise and in the control of lipolysis during exercise.

Apterin has anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, it shows significantly inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells.

The young fruits of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck.